Mesoscale Analysis of Flood Discharge Atomization

Flood discharge atomization (FDA) refers to a phenomenon in which a flow discharged at a high velocity first spalls in air and entrains a large amount of air and subsequently falls into and splashes the downstream water as a result of an intense impact, resulting in local precipitation in the immediate region and a drift of mist over the far region. FDA is one of the issues that require attention in high-head dam projects. FDA has serious consequences if not treated properly. For example, FDA can damage power plants and trigger riverbank landslides in heavy-precipitation regions.