A subset of taste receptor cells express biocytin‐permeable channels activated by reducing extracellular Ca2+ concentration

Taste receptor cells (type II cells) transmit taste information to taste nerve fibres via ATP-permeable channels, including calcium homeostasis modulator (CALHM), connexin and/or pannexin1 channels, via the paracrine release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as a predominant transmitter. In the present study, we demonstrate that extracellular Ca(2+) -dependent biocytin-permeable channels are present in a subset of type II cells in mouse fungiform taste buds using biocytin uptake, immunohistochemistry and in situ whole-cell recordings. Type II cells were labelled with biocytin in an extracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+) ]out )-sensitive manner. We found that the ratio of biocytin-labelled type II cells to type II cells per taste bud was approximately 20% in 2 mM Ca(2+) saline, and this ratio increased to approximately 50% in nominally Ca(2+) -free saline. The addition of 300 microM GdCl3 , which inhibits various channels including CALHM1 channels, significantly inhibited biocytin labelling in nominally Ca(2+) -free saline, whereas the addition of 20 microM ruthenium red did not. Moreover, Cs(+) -insensitive currents increased in nominally Ca(2+) -free saline in approximately 40% of type II cells. These increased currents appeared at a potential of above -35 mV, reversed at approximately +10 mV and increased with depolarization. These results suggest that biocytin labels type II cells via ion channels activated by [Ca(2+) ]out reduction, probably "CALHM-like" channels, on the basolateral membrane and that taste receptor cells can be categorized into two groups based on differences in the expression levels of [Ca(2+) ]out -dependent biocytin-permeable channels. These data indicate electrophysiological and pharmacologically relevant properties of biocytin-permeable channels and suggest their contributions to taste signal transduction.