Culture and personality processes: Basic tenets and current directions

Abstract The main goal of this chapter is to review conceptual (e.g., nature of culture and its many forms, how culture and personality relate to each other), methodological (e.g., emic-etic debate, treatment of confounds), and metascience (e.g., cultural biases in psychological research, replicability revolution) issues that ought to be considered when studying culture and personality processes. The chapter also reviews exciting recent empirical advances (e.g., geographic psychology, culture-person fit studies, research on personality, and multiculturalism) that put personality psychology in the center of important social science debates about the dynamic interplay between macrolevel factors and individual variables. New theoretical approaches that inform work on culture and personality are also discussed (e.g., socioecological psychology, dynamic constructivism, polyculturalism).