Two-directional simultaneous inference for high-dimensional models.

This paper proposes a general two directional simultaneous inference (TOSI) framework for high-dimensional models with a manifest variable or latent variable structure, for example, high-dimensional mean models, high-dimensional sparse regression models, and high-dimensional latent factors models. TOSI performs simultaneous inference on a set of parameters from two directions, one to test whether the assumed zero parameters indeed are zeros and one to test whether exist zeros in the parameter set of nonzeros. As a result, we can exactly identify whether the parameters are zeros, thereby keeping the data structure fully and parsimoniously expressed. We theoretically prove that the proposed TOSI method asymptotically controls the Type I error at the prespecified significance level and that the testing power converges to one. Simulations are conducted to examine the performance of the proposed method in finite sample situations and two real datasets are analyzed. The results show that the TOSI method is more predictive and has more interpretable estimators than existing methods.