Development and analysis of electric vehicle driving cycle for hilly urban areas

Abstract In this work, a real-world urban driving cycle with road slope profile is developed for the hilly urban terrain of Islamabad city. A hybrid data collection methodology is adopted which employed global positioning system , on-board diagnostics, and digital surface model. The driving cycle was constructed using the Markov chain Monte Carlo method which considered the weights of different road types in the geographic area under study. The developed driving cycle is compared with different driving cycles using 15 characteristic, 4 distribution parameters, and the speed acceleration probability distribution. Powertrain simulations were performed on 24 vehicle models of different vehicular technologies operating under 8 different driving cycles to determine core factors (i.e.) energy consumption, range, grid charging energy requirement factors, and carbon dioxide emission factors. Results with validation indicate that without road slope profile, errors ranging from 10.2 to 22.2% accumulated in the powertrain simulation besides substantial impacts on considered factors.