El proceso de formación de los conjuntos de viviendas modernas y su papel en el desarrollo urbano en holanda (1930-1970)

Residential building was the first form of architecture that people built for themselves. In fact, the house was a refuge and a basic need for them throughout history. lt has always been influenced by the lifestyle, cultural boundaries , social patterns and environmental conditions. These factors, reform the spatial organization and hierarchy in accordance with the needs of residents. Collective housing has been a top star of the architectural advances of the twentieth century. Until shortly before the architects had focused their efforts on public and private buildings of great importance and they had left small-scale residential sector for builders. lt is from the nineteenth century, when the industrial centers start needing homes where to locate the families of the thousands of workers who spent their lives in factories, apartment buildings, became the subject of architectural theory and practice. In 1901 was approved in the Netherlands Woningwet (Housing Act), to respond to homelessness , and the appalling housing conditions caused by migration from the countryside to the city. The law encourages the organization of cooperatives through government loans would be responsible for the construction of housing for workers. The government is thus relegated to the role of controller, regulator and financial organization system . But most of these homes are built massively after the Second World War, in urban neighborhoods planned under the Modern Movement. In the Netherlands there are many works that were built in the later years of the Second World War. The intent of the urban project is to create a variety of individual housing to serve the middle class. Many parts of existing buildings have been demolished to be replaced with larger ones. This research is focused mainly on modern Dutch houses of the years before and after the Second World War. From my point of view, these decades concentrate a significant number of works by famous architects and some of them that are little known outside the country. The core of the research will be to try typological innovations, namely, it will be analyzed those factors that influence the configuration and organization of interior spaces and volumetric configuration. The architectural value of all homes that are such an important part of the Dutch cities, led me to perform a retrospective and analytical look on Dutch modern social housing and its role in urban development in the Netherlands, before and after the Second World War. The spatial organization is a multilateral relationship of spaces, in response to the needs of residents and also defines the various types of communication between interior spaces. In fact, the spatial organization determines the functional limits of the areas of housing, and its characteristics defined by the aforementioned housing needs. The spatial organization is based on the interaction of different parts of the house. In fact, this organization is set to the position of spaces and is closely related to the type of activities undertaken. This means that the main task of spatial organization is to determine the closeness of the spaces between them, according to their functions . In this paper it will be shown how interrelated spatial organization helps to improve the distribution of interior spaces with the aim of achieving an efficient spatial configuration in social housing. The evaluation method is based on the typological analysis of the distribution of the interior spaces.