Synchronous high-efficiency biological phosphorus removing and reclaiming system and method based on activated sludge process

The invention relates to a synchronous high-efficiency biological phosphorus removing and reclaiming method based on an activated sludge process. The system comprises an aeration tank and a sedimentation tank, which are communicated with an intake pipeline, wherein an aeration device is arranged in the aeration tank; the aeration tank is communicated with the sedimentation tank through the sewage pipeline; an effluent drainage pipeline for discharging supernate is arranged on the sedimentation tank. The system is characterized in that an unused reflux sludge storage drum, a sewage-sludge mixing drum, a primary sedimentation device, a phosphorus reclaiming reaction drum and a secondary sedimentation device are sequentially communicated with the bottom of the sedimentation tank. Compared with the prior art, the treatment system and method provided by the invention aim to overcome the defect of an existing activated sludge biological phosphorus removal system, are used for reclaiming phosphorus while an activated sludge system synchronously removes phosphorus with high efficiency on the basis of single-stage aerobic biological phosphorus removal, and are capable of effectively enriching phosphorus accumulation microorganisms. Working in a continuous flow mode, the system is small in investment, stable in effluent quality and high in phosphorus reclaiming quantity, can be used for lowering the effluent phosphorus concentration of an existing activated sludge system effectively and reclaiming precious phosphorus resources, and is suitable for transformation of a traditional activated sludge process.