Influence of Pb(Al,Nb)O3 substitution on the structure and electrical properties in Pb(Zn,Nb)O3–Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 solid solutions

Abstract In this work, the solid solutions of 0.8Pb(Zr 0.52 Ti 0.48 )O 3 −(0.2− x )Pb(Zn 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 − x Pb(Al 1/2 Nb 1/2 )O 3 (PZT–PZN– x PAN) were designed and fabricated via the traditional solid state reaction method. The dielectric, ferroelectric, piezoelectric properties of PZT–PZN– x PAN solid solutions were investigated in detail. The optimum electric properties of P m  = 46.3 μC/cm 2 , P r  = 42 μC/cm 2 , P r / P m  = 90.5%, S total  = 0.48%, d 33  = 410 pC/N, and T c  = 283 °C were achieved in PZT–PZN– x PAN ceramics with x  = 0.02. A large strain response of ∼0.24% with normalized strain S max / E max as high as 767 pm/V was obtained for the PZT–PZN–0.1PAN under a low electric field of ∼3 kV/mm at room-temperature.