Focus on the Sea Urchin Model in Cellular and Developmental Biology In: Boutet, A. & B. Schierwater, eds. Handbook of Established and Emerging Marine Model Organisms in Experimental Biology, CRC Press
2021
Echinoderms, a sister group of chordates, is a group of exclusively marine animals. The
Echinodermata is an ancient phylum dating to at least 450 million years old and including
more than 10,000 extant species present throughout the world’s oceans. The modern
echinoderms belong to five classes: Echinoidea (e.g., sea urchins and sand dollars),
Asteroidea (e.g., starfishes), Ophiuroidea (e.g., brittle stars), Holothuroidea (e.g., sea
cucumbers) and Crinoidea (e.g., sea lilies and feather stars).
Sea urchin represents a well-established marine model in biological sciences. This chapter
provides a general description of echinoderms and focuses on the significant advances in cell
and developmental biology that the study of sea urchins has made possible. During the last
decade, many genomic data concerning echinoderms and sea urchins in particular have
become available. These new molecular tools have facilitated gene regulation analysis during
development and have boosted the possibilities offered by sea urchins as experimental
models.
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