Is there a link between hypospadias and organochlorine exposure in East Greenland sledge dogs (Canis familiaris)

Abstract In a clinical survey on East Greenland male sledge dogs ( Canis familiaris ), one dog exhibited malformation of the external genital organs. The clinically in situ examination of the sledge dog revealed a rare congenital malformation of the urethra and penis corresponding to severe perineal and penile hypospadias . The testes showed spermiogenesis and no sign of true hermaphroditism. We did not have the opportunity to examine the dam for endocrine organ pathology or tumours. But, based on organochlorine data in ringed seal ( Phoca hispida ) blubber and information from the owners, the potential in uteri OC exposure of the sledge dog was estimated to 320 μg/day which correspond to 128 pg TEQ/kg/day. This is 32–128-folds above WHO guidelines and threshold levels for teratogen and reproductive effects. We suggest that the congenital malformation was due to endocrine organ pathology/tumours of the dam, enzyme/receptor defects (mutation) in the pup or in uteri exposure to environmental xenoestrogens.