Laktik Asit Bakterilerinin (LAB) İdentifikasyonunda/Tiplendirmesinde Kullanılan Moleküler Yöntemler / Molecular methods used for identification/typing of lactic acid bacteria (LAB)

Laktik asit bakterileri (LAB) gida endustrisinde genellikle starter kultur olarak kullanilmaktadirlar. Bakteriyosin uretim ozelliklerinden dolayi gidalarda raf omrunu uzatmak icin potansiyel biyolojik koruyucu rolune sahiptirler. Ayrica, probiyotik urunlerin iceriginde bulunmakta, bazilari ise gidalarda bozulmaya sebep olmaktadirlar. Tum bu ozellikler bu bakteri grubunu hem endustriyel acidan hem de bilimsel arenada uzerinde yogun calismalarin yapildigi oldukca onemli bir grup haline getirmistir. LAB’larin endustriyel uygulamalari dusunuldugunde, sus bazinda guvenilir tiplendirme yontemleri hem LAB starter kulturlerin performanslarinin incelenmesinde hem de fonksiyonel gida urunlerinde katki maddesi olarak kullanilacak olan kulturlerin incelenmesinde onem kazanmaktadir. Gunumuzde, LAB identifikasyon/tiplendirme calismalari ilgi odagi olan fenotipik yontemlerden daha kesin ve hassas sonuclar veren molekuler yontemlere (genotipik) dogru kaymistir. Bu derlemede LAB’larin tiplendirmesinde kullanilan molekuler yontemler ozetlenmistir. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are widely used as starter cultures in the food industry. Because of their bacteriocin production speciality, they make expire date of the food longer and thought to be potential biopreservativies. Besides, they are used in probiotic products and some of them causes food spoilage. All of these properties make this group of bacteria very important both industrially and scientificaly. As far as the industial applications of LAB are conserned, reliable strain typing methods will become increasingly important in the study of the performance of LAB starter cultures and cultures used as additives in functional food type products. Nowadays, the main focus for the identification/tying of LAB has moved from phenotypic to molecular (genotypic) methods as they yield more sensitive and accurate results. In this review, molecular methods used for typing of LAB were summarised.