Historical trends in U.S. mineral statistics for selected non-ferrous metals

4 INTRODUCTION 4 PURPOSE 5 PROBLEMS 6 COMMODITY STATISTICS 8 Antimony 8 Bauxite/Alumina/Aluminum 9 Copper 11 Lead and Zinc 13 Tin 15 Titanium 16 DISCUSSION 17 REFERENCES 18 Figures (located at end of text) 1. Bauxite production and imports for the U.S. throughout the 20 century. The two curves represent a third-order polynomial. Imports for the 1990’s may represent a temporary down turn that can be expected to again increase into the 21 century. 2. A theoretical representation of mine development, production, and imports of an industrial country through time. For example, the U.S. is a major producer of many commodities, but is on the decreasing part of the curve representing future production and the increasing part of the curve for imports, i.e., in the future. The figure is adapted from Craig et al. (1996). 3. Statistics for Sb for the 20 Century, giving price and U.S. mine production (a), U.S. consumption (b), imports (c), and U.S. industrial consumption and world production (d). The curves in (b) and (c) are each intended to represent the U.S. Sb consumption. 4. Relation between imports of Sb (the x axis), the major supply of primary Sb to the U.S., and U.S. consumption. 5. Relation between U.S. secondary production of Sb and price. The shaded area shows the field of most recent, apparently correct, secondary production figures. 6. Statistics for bauxite, aluminum, and alumina for the 20 century. In a few cases, data are not available for the first part of the century. As a rough approximation aluminum (Al) = 1/2 alumina (Al2O3) and = 1/4 bauxite, by weight. 7. Statistics for copper for the 20 century, showing U.S. mine and secondary production of old scrap (a), world mine production and price (b), U.S. secondary production of all scrap and price (c), U.S. imports and exports (d), US. and London Metal Exchange price (e), and U.S. consumption and price (f), all for the 20 century. 8. Relation between U.S. copper price and secondary production (a), consumption (b), and imports (c). Labeled areas in (c) show different temporal relations. 9. Relation between U.S. production of Cu and world production of Cu for the 20 century. World production for the period 1975 to 1990 exceeded the smooth exponential trend of the data for the rest of the century. All data still show a strong correlation of 0.98.