Is supercomplex organization of the respiratory chain required for optimal electron transfer activity

The supra-molecular assembly of the main respiratory chain enzymatic complexes in the form of “supercomplexes” has been proved by structural and functional experimental evidence. This evidence strongly contrasts the previously accepted Random Diffusion Model stating that the complexes are functionally connected by lateral diffusion of small redox molecules (i.e. Coenzyme Q and cytochrome c). This review critically examines the available evidence and provides an analysis of the functional consequences of the intermolecular association of the respiratory complexes pointing out the role of Coenzyme Q and of cytochrome c as channeled or as freely diffusing intermediates in the electron transfer activity of their partner enzymes.