Environmental risk assessment and mapping of oil installations to Chamshir Dam water basin using GIS and HAZOP method

Oil pipelines can be affected by natural features, inappropriate design, and maintenance systems leading to environmental pollution, mainly when the pipelines and installations are located near freshwater reservoirs. This study analyses the possible environmental risk that could arise from the oil pipeline systems in the basin of the Chamshir Dam. The potential environmental risk of oil installations was determined based on environmental factors, and the oil leakage volume of installations. The factors were determined and mapped using ArcGIS; then, the maps were combined to locate vulnerable zones. Finally, the risk of oil leakage in the pipelines was calculated using the HAZOP method to recognise high-risk pipelines. The result showed that oil installations posing a high threat to the dam's lake were nearby the lake, crossed sub-basins with a steep slope, and also under specific hydrological conditions. The analysis of oil spill risk showed that the risk was exceptionally high.