Standardization and Regulation

Vehicle‐to‐everything (V2X) technologies are generally classified into short‐range or wide‐area technologies. This chapter covers the standardization aspects and status of the V2X landscape and outlines the relevant standardization bodies which work on V2X communication. It presents the spectrum allocation for International Mobile Telecommunications systems and 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) technologies, the spectrum dedicated for ITS applications, and, finally, considerations for worldwide spectrum harmonization. The chapter gives a brief history and overview of the available communication solutions and an overview of higher‐layer ITS standardization on a regional level, with special focus on the standardization status of cellular V2X in 3GPP. V2X applications are applicable to at least one of the communication interfaces, including V2V, V2I, V2P, or V2N. The chapter outlines the Institute of Electric and Electronics Engineers and European Telecommunications Standards Institute standards for securing V2X messages and ensuring privacy.