Molecular characterization and expression analysis of big-belly seahorse (Hippocampus abdominalis) interleukin-10 and analysis of its potent anti-inflammatory properties in LPS-induced murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells

Abstract Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. In this study, IL-10 from big-belly seahorse ( Hippocampus abdominalis ) (HaIL-10) was characterized based on its molecular and functional aspects. The coding sequence of HaIL-10 is 570 bp in length and encodes a 189-amino acid residue protein (calculated molecular weight, 21.89 kDa). The deduced amino acid sequence comprises a typical signal peptide and a mature peptide domain sequence carrying four conserved Cys residues and two additional Cys residues specific to fish. Phylogenetic analysis indicated an evolutionary relationship between HaIL-10 and its counterparts in other vertebrates, with close clustering to the fish-specific homologs. Recombinant HaIL-10 (rHaIL-10) significantly reduced nitric oxide (NO) production by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner but had no effect on cell viability, suggestive of its involvement in immune response. The protein expressions of iNOS and COX-2 were significantly reduced by rHaIL-10 in LPS-induced murine macrophages RAW 264.7 cells. HaIL-10 mRNA expression was observed in all analyzed tissues, with the maximum expression being noted in the kidney and ovary. However, transcriptional levels of HaIL-10 were significantly higher in the blood, gill, and intestine upon in vivo induction with LPS, polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid [poly (I:C)], and Streptococcus iniae . To summarize, our findings help in the improved understanding of the biological functions of HaIL-10 and modulation of HaIL-10 mRNA expression in response to immune stress.