Near-infrared spectra of liquid and gas samples by diffuse reflectance employing benchtop and handheld spectrophotometers.

Abstract This paper describes a new method to obtain NIR spectra of liquid and gas samples by diffuse reflectance, which is especially suitable for handheld spectrophotometers, since most of these instruments are designed to acquire spectrum using this geometry. The core of the method is a diffuse reflectance cell, which consists of a vial containing a mixture of the liquid or gas sample (rare medium) and a powder (dense medium). Using this strategy, no adaptation is required to measure spectra with most portable NIR spectrometers. This new method was used to obtain NIR spectra of several liquids and gases, which were compared with traditional transmittance spectra. As a proof of concept, measurements of biodiesel/vegetable oil/diesel blends were used to build multivariate calibrations to predict the contents of biodiesel and vegetable oil in diesel blends using benchtop and handheld FT-NIR spectrophotometers. This low-cost method was demonstrated to be suitable for overcoming problems related to the handling of viscous samples and expand the applications with portable NIR instruments.