Short-Term Exposure of RJK Cells with Multiple Drug Resistance to Polyallylaminane Destabilizes Their Karyotype Structure

The biologically active polymer polyallylamine (PAA) is used in the creation of microcapsules for targeted drug delivery. It is also applied to produce multilayer films covering biomedical implants to provide primary cell contact with an artificial surface during the healing of damaged tissues. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of PAA in a sublethal concentration on the structure of the cellular genome at the karyotype level. CHL V-79 RJK (RJK) transformed Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts that are resistant to ethidium bromide (RJKEB) and caused multidrug resistance (MDR) were used in experiments. Analysis of a large number of G-banded metaphase plates showed that PAA at a high concentration generated multidirectional destabilization of the karyotype in RJKEB cells: aneuploidy and the appearance of chromosomal aberrations and homogeneously/differentially stained areas (HSRs/DSRs). These changes are considered a morphological manifestation of MDR. It follows from these findings that the use of synthetic biotransporters for medical purposes requires a thorough preliminary study of their toxicity with cytogenetic and molecular methods, in particular.