Simulated annealing for controlled-source audio-frequency magnetotelluric data inversion

Simulated annealing (SA) is used to invert 1D controlled source audio-frequency magnetotelluric (CSAMT) data. In the annealing process, the system energy is taken as the root-mean-square fitting error between model responses and real data. The model parameters are the natural logarithms of the resistivity and the thickness in each layer of the earth. The annealing temperature decreases exponentially, while the model is refreshed randomly according to the temperature and is accepted according to a Boltzmann probability. We first tested the SA on synthetic data and developed a cooling schedule of model updates specifically for CSAMT data inversion. The redesigned cooling schedule reduces the magnitude of the model updating, and makes the solution converge rapidly and stably. For a three-layer model whose resistivity increases with depth, SA has difficulty in obtaining the global solution for the middle layer. However, the solution for such a layer can be significantly improved by using the mean value of the...