Fast and sensitive detection of mycotoxins in wheat using microfluidics based Real-time Electrochemical Profiling

Abstract The objective of the study has been the development of a new sensing platform, called Real-time Electrochemical Profiling (REP) that relies on real-time electrochemical immunoassay detection. The proposed REP platform consists of new electrode arrays that are easy to fabricate, has a small imprint allowing microfluidic system integration, enables multiplexed amperometric measurements and performs well in terms of electrochemical immunoassay detection as shown through the deoxynivalenol detection assays. The deoxynivalenol detection has been conducted according to an optimised REP assay protocol using deoxynivalenol standards at varying concentrations and a standard curve was obtained ( y =−20.33ln( x )+124.06; R 2 =0.97) with a limit of detection of 6.25 ng/ml. As both ELISA and REP detection methods use horse radish peroxidase as the label and 3.3′,5.5′-Tetramethylbenzidine as the substrate, the performance of the REP platform as an ELISA reader has also been investigated and a perfect correlation between the deoxynivalenol concentration and the current response was obtained ( y =−14.56ln( x )+101.02; R 2 =0.99). The calibration curves of both assays have been compared to conventional ELISA tests for confirmation. After assay optimisation using toxin spiked buffer, the deoxynivalenol detection assay has also been performed to detect toxins in wheat grain.