Synthesis, characterization, and catalytic properties of the Li-doped ZnO

In this study, attention was directed at the interactions between Li-doped ZnO systems and rye cereal. The interaction of cereal grains and straws with the transition metal ions is of biochemical importance primarily due to the presence of those complexes in biological systems. Metal/cereal chemistry plays a crucial role in the cross-linking of various biomolecules, and formed systems seem to be promising for various applications, such as material for the production of carbonizate and gaseous substances, which allows for the preparation of second generation biofuels. In the study of cereal/metal complexes, thermogravimetric measurements were performed in order to explain the influence of ZnO and Li2xZn1−xO oxides on the thermal decomposition of rye grains in relation to their application for biofuel production. The possibility of generation of volatile products and carbonizate was considered. The characterization of carbonizate and volatile products was made. The catalytic properties of Li2xZn1−xO phases in the decomposition of cereal grains were confirmed through thermal analysis. The thermal degradation of rye grains was catalyzed by Li-doped ZnO systems. Superior degradation to volatile products depended upon both the botanical origin of the cereal and the catalyzing system.