Gut microbiome modulates response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in melanoma patients.
2018
Preclinical mouse models suggest that the gut microbiome modulates tumor response to checkpoint blockade immunotherapy; however, this has not been well-characterized in human cancer patients. Here we examined the oral and gut microbiome of melanoma patients undergoing anti–programmed cell death 1 protein (PD-1) immunotherapy ( n = 112). Significant differences were observed in the diversity and composition of the patient gut microbiome of responders versus nonresponders. Analysis of patient fecal microbiome samples ( n = 43, 30 responders, 13 nonresponders) showed significantly higher alpha diversity ( P P
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