Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of HIV Positive Adults in India: Rural–Urban Differences

Abstract The Millennium Development Goals era witnessed reduction in human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency virus (HIV/AIDS) epidemic across the globe and now the Sustainable Development Goal 3 commits to end the AIDS epidemic by 2030. There are enough research and data available on the strong relationship between nutrition and HIV infection. However, data on the nutritional knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) are still scanty. Studying KAP of PLHIV is important as an appropriate level of knowledge and attitude toward nutrition is an important factor that might influence the actual nutrient intake. A number of national and international agencies have developed education modules on improving nutritional practices among PLHIV to be used in resource constrained settings, though the extent to which these are used and the impact of these has not been evaluated in detail. India is a country with diverse cultures and there is stark demographic difference in its rural and urban setting. Thus, this chapter throws light on the nutritional KAP specifically highlighting the difference (if it exists) between the rural and urban population affected by HIV.