Value Added Products from Agriculture, Paper and Food Waste: A Source of Bioenergy Production

Solid waste generated from food mainly contains various organic compounds such as carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. These biodegradable wastes mainly released from food, agricultural, household, and hospitality segments. The waste material produced from food is frequently burned or discarded into open areas, which may also become a source of many severe health and environmental problems. The management of waste material generated from food is done by transform into various value-added products, like phytochemicals, food supplements, bioactive materials, dietary fibers, safe to eat and important oils, biofertilizers, biofuels, and single-cell proteins (SCP). Every year, enormous amounts of solid waste (sludge) from the wastewater treatment of paper manufactures have been created. They might be dumped into the landfill if they have heavy metals lower than the standard of the Department of Industrial Work and the Ministry of Industry. Nowadays, the area of landfills is quite limited whereas solid waste has been accumulated. In the case of waste from agriculture biomass, a few of them are mixed with soil or applied as ingredients of the fertilizer. On the other hand, the value of the wastes is fairly low. Hence, the manufacture of value-added products, such as furniture cardboard, and packaging and the agricultural product from solid wastes could be useful. This chapter is mainly focused on the modification of the solid waste from agriculture, paper, and food by searching the suitable technology for producing value-added products such as biofuels, bioenergy, agricultural products, phytochemicals, bio fertilizers, enzymes, and single-cellproteins.