Dispensing and manipulation of nano-drops by pyro-EHD (electro-hydro-dynamic) effect

Nano- and pico-droplets have been extracted and dispensed from sessile drop or liquid film reservoirs through pyroelectric effect activated by a hot tip or an IR laser source on polar dielectric substrates. The manipulation of liquids in 2D and 3D was demonstrated without the need of high-voltage power supplies and/or circuits.