Tricaproin isolated from Simarouba glauca inhibit colorectal cancer cell growth: A mechanistic approach in vitro and in vivo

Abstract Alkaloids and triterpenes of Simarouba glauca (Laxmitaru) are known to inhibit the growth of cancers. We have earlier characterized tricaproin (TCN) from this plant and demonstrated its efficacy against CRC cells. Presently, TCN arrested CRC cells in G0/G1 phase in cell cycle analysis and increased the expression of p21 protein. Intra-peritoneal administration of TCN dose dependably inhibited Dalton’s lymphoma ascites tumor growth (2.6 fold) and increases the life span (60%) in Swiss albino mice by reducing Histone deacetylase (HDAC) and increasing caspase-3 mediated apoptosis in tumour tissues. Immunohistochemical details of TCN treated tumour tissues revealed down regulation of markers for angiogenesis progression (Ki67) and cell proliferation (CD31). Together, TCN inhibits tumour development by inducing apoptosis and arresting cells in G0/G1. In conclusion, the result suggests that the Tricaproin from Simarouba glauca is a potent anti-cancer agent to consider for further development.