Polarimetric Multipath Convolutional Neural Network for PolSAR Image Classification

Scatter targets of complex land covers in polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) images are often randomly oriented and cause randomly fluctuating echoes, which brings a challenge to PolSAR image classification. Therefore, many existing methods have alleviated this problem through orientation compensation. However, there are still two obstacles that limit the improvement of classification accuracy. On the one hand, generally, these methods process PolSAR images with fixed polarization rotation angles, which is experience-dependent and inflexible. On the other hand, for the different land covers of a PolSAR image, the existing methods do not consider these rotation angles separately. For the first obstacle, we design a group of convolution kernels called polarization rotation kernels (PRKs) and utilize them to build the polarimetric convolutional neural network (CNN) (PolCNN). The PolCNN is the base network of our final model, and it can learn polarization rotation angles adaptively. For the second obstacle, we extend the PolCNN into a multipath structure, the final model polarimetric multipath CNN (PolMPCNN). The polarization rotation angles of different land covers are directly related to the networks of different paths within the PolMPCNN. Furthermore, we also put forward the two-scale sampling and the stagewise training algorithm in order that our PolMPCNN can fit different scales of PolSAR targets and pays more attention to difficult training samples. Experiments on real PolSAR images show that the proposed model achieves the best classification results with an extremely low sampling rate of 0.1%.