GIS Based Hotspot and Cold-spot Analysis for Primary Education in India

Objectives: This study explores the status of primary education throughout the country in states and union territories (UTs). The main objectives of this study are to identify hotspots and cold-spots and delineate the cluster of primary education levels in India applying Getis-Ord Gi* statistics. Methods/analysis: The spatial clustering among the various Indian states was determined using Arc GIS cluster–outlier analysis. An area is considered statistically significant if its p-value is below 0.05. In order to define India’s spatial cluster of elementary EDI scores based on the hotspot and coldspot analysis and delineate Indian primary education clusters using Getis-Ord Gi* statistics with a fixed distance band of ArcGIS. Findings: The rate of increase of 6–10 year old (grade 1–5) enrolment in primary education rose from 42.6% in 1950–1951 to 100.8% in 2014–2015. The resulting education development index (EDI) of primary education shows a clustering of hot and cold-spots. The spatial outliers are also identified. This EDI demonstrates a geographic trend in the growth of primary education over 10 years as high or low primary education clusters and helps measure the government’s efforts. Improvements: Further this study could be enhanced to district level primary education in India. This also shows how GIS analysis works for these many more unit’s overtime. It may be an interesting analysis, where indeed the GIS and visual approach could add to our knowledge.Keywords: GIS, Hotspot Analysis, Cluster, Primary Education, Arc GIS, India