Multifunctional properties of shape memory materials in civil engineering applications: A state-of-the-art review

Abstract Shape memory materials (SMMs) are an important group of intelligent multifunctional materials used in civil engineering applications whose popularity is due to their unique capability to memorize their original shape. After deformation they can return to their initial shape under stimuli, e.g. heat. SMMs are classified into four categories: shape memory alloys (SMAs), magnetic shape memory alloys (MSMAs), shape memory polymers (SMPs), and shape memory ceramics (SMCs). In different situations, these multifunctional materials can be used in actuator systems , structural health-monitoring systems, self-healing applications, etc. The present study provides a comprehensive review of recent developments and applications of SMMs in civil engineering. The advantages and disadvantages of each group are highlighted and practical issues are discussed in detail.