Phylogenetic relationship and virulence gene profiles of avian pathogenic and uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from avian colibacillosis and human urinary tract infections (UTIs).

Background There is evidence representing the possible relationship between avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) and other extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) strains such as human uropathogenic isolates. Aims ‏‏ The present study was conducted to evaluate virulence and phylogenetic relationship between a total of 70 APEC and UPEC isolates (35 APEC and 35 UPEC isolates) obtained from the north of Iran which is one of the core areas of the country's poultry industry. Methods Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and random amplified polymorphism DNA (RAPD) analyses were conducted using specific primers, and data was analyzed using BioNumerics and SPSS softwares. Results The most prevalent gene was fliC (70.6%) followed by fimH (67.1%), but APEC and UPEC isolates showed inordinate and obvious differences in the presence of some virulence genes such as fliC, hlyD, and sfa1 and predominant phylogenetic groups in DNA fingerprinting methods. Conclusion The results showed obvious differences existed between isolates of APEC and UPEC in terms of phylogenetics and pattern of virulence gene; however, despite having virulence genes such as papC, ibeA, and iss, APEC isolates can have a high potential for causing disease in humans and may generate dangerous outbreaks in communities with low levels of hygiene in public and the poultry industry.