A new perspective on turbulent Galactic magnetic fields through comparison of linear polarization decomposition techniques
2017
We compare two rotationally invariant decomposition techniques on linear polarization data:
the spin-2 spherical harmonic decomposition in two opposite parities, the E- and B-mode,
and the multiscale analysis of the gradient of linear polarization, |∇ P|. We demonstrate that
both decompositions have similar properties in the image domain and the spatial frequency
domain. They can be used as complementary tools for turbulence analysis of interstellar
magnetic fields in order to develop a better understanding of the origin of energy sources for
the turbulence, the origin of peculiar magnetic field structures and their underlying physics.
We also introduce a new quantity |∇EB| based on the E- and B-modes and we show that
in the intermediate- and small-scale limit |∇EB| |∇ P|. Analysis of the 2.3 GHz S-band
Polarization All Sky Survey shows many extended coherent filament-like features appearing
as ‘double jumps’ in the |∇ P| map that are correlated with negative and positive filaments of
B-type polarization. These local asymmetries between the two polarization types, E and B, of
the non-thermal Galactic synchrotron emission have an influence on the E- and B-mode power
spectra analyses. The wavelet-based formalism of the polarization gradient analysis allows us
to locate the position of E- or B-mode features responsible for the local asymmetries between
the two polarization types. In analysed subregions, the perturbations of the magnetic field are
trigged by star clusters associated with H II regions, the Orion–Eridanus superbubble and the
North Polar Spur at low Galactic latitude.
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