Negative-hydrogen-ion production from a nanoporous 12CaO ∙ 7Al2O3 electride surface

A high production rate of negative hydrogen ions (H−) was observed from a nanoporous 12CaO 7Al2O3 (C12A7) electride surface immersed in hydrogen/deuterium low-pressure plasmas. The target was negatively biased at 20–130 V, and the target surface was bombarded by H3 + ions from the plasma. The production rate was compared with that from a clean molybdenum surface. Using the pseudo-exponential work-function dependence of the H− production rate, the total H− yield from the C12A7 electride surface bombarded at 80 V was evaluated to be 25% of that from a cesiated molybdenum surface with the lowest work-function. The measured H− energy spectrum indicates that the major production mechanism is desorption by sputtering. This material has potential to be used as a production surface of cesium-free negative ion sources for accelerators, heating beams in nuclear fusion, and surface modification for industrial applications.