Characteristics of liquid flow induced by atmospheric-pressure DC glow discharge in contact with liquid

In this work, we investigated the characteristics of liquid flow induced by atmospheric-pressure dc glow discharge in contact with a liquid. The spatiotemporal development of liquid flow was visualized by the schlieren method, and the temperature distribution was measured using microencapsulated thermotropic liquid crystal particles dispersed in a liquid. We confirmed the appearance of specific downward liquid flow immediately below the dc glow discharge. The characteristics of downward liquid flow were reproduced by fluid simulation considering a downward driving force at the plasma–liquid interface. Our results suggest that the probable driving force for the downward liquid flow was the momentum transfer of charged species at the liquid surface.