Aplikasi Biochar Kulit Buah Kakao pada Tanah Lempung Liat Berpasir: Sifat Fisik Tanah dan Hasil Jagung

2020 
Abstrak. Biochar mempunyai struktur yang sangat porous, ketika diberikan ke dalam tanah mampu mempengaruhi sifat fisik tanah. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menguji aplikasi biochar kulit buah kakao, kapur dan abu biochar (hasil pembakaran lebih lanjut dari biochar) terhadap perbaikan sifat fisik tanah dan hasil jagung di lahan kering dengan tekstur lempung liat berpasir. Penelitian dilaksanakan selama tiga musim tanam dari bulan Pebruari 2016 hingga Pebruari 2017 dengan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) empat ulangan, dengan perlakuan: 1) kontrol; 2) biochar 15 t ha -1 ; 3) kapur 6 t ha -1 ; 4) abu setara biochar 15 t ha -1 ; 5) biochar 7,5 t ha -1 + kapur 3 t ha -1 , dan 6) biochar 15 t ha -1 dicuci. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa selama tiga musim tanam, Bulk Density (BD) tanah yang diberi biochar 15 t ha -1 baik dicuci maupun tidak, nyata lebih rendah (1,05-1,11 g cm -3 ) dibandingkan kontrol (1,10-1,21 g cm -3 ), sebaliknya BD tanah yang diberi abu konsisten meningkat hingga musim tanam ketiga. Pori air tersedia meningkat secara signifikan dengan pemberian biochar. Peningkatan kemampuan memegang air meningkat pada musim ketiga pada tanah yang diberi amelioran biochar. Selama tiga musim tanam, tanah yang diberi abu setara biochar 15 t ha -1 secara konsisten mempunyai ruang pori total yang rendah dan BD yang paling tinggi. Aplikasi biochar 15 t ha -1 dan abu setara biochar 15 t ha -1 mampu meningkatkan hasil pipilan jagung menjadi 7,24-11,43 t ha -1 dibandingkan kontrol (6,11-7,25 t ha -1 ) dan efek residunya mampu bertahan hingga tiga musim tanam. Abstract. Biochar has a very porous structure and it affects various soil physical properties. The objective of study was to evaluate the application of biochar, lime and ash to improve soil physical properties and maize yield in upland with sandy clay loam texture. The study was conducted at the research station of Indonesian Soil Research Institute, East Lampung for three seasons from February 2016 to February 2017. We used a randomized block design with four replication. Treatments are: 1) control, 2) biochar 15 t ha -1 , 3) lime 6 t ha -1 , 4) ash 15 t ha -1 , 5) biochar 7.5 t ha -1 + lime 3 t ha -1 , and 6) washed biochar 15 t ha -1 . The results showed that during three seasons, application of biochar 15 t ha -1 (with and without washed) significantly reduced BD (1.08-1.09 g cm -3 ) but the ash application consistently increased BD. During the three seasons, the water holding capacity increased by applying biochar in various forms (biochar, ash or washed biochar) but the same did not show in lime application. The ash addition 15 t ha -1 consistently had low total soil porosity and high BD. Both application of biochar of 15 t ha -1 and ash of 15 t ha -1 increased maize yield (7,24-11,43 t ha -1 ) compared to control (6,11-7,25 t ha -1 ) and the residual effects lasted for three cropping seasons.
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