Establishment of early warning system of malaria epidemic situation in Jiangsu Province I impact of temperature on development of Plasmodium vivax in Anopheles sinensis in Jiangsu Province

Objective To observe the developmental threshold temperature and the effective accumulated temperature of Plasmodium vivax sporozoites in Anopheles sinensis in Jiangsu Province,and to analyze the impact of temperature on the development of Plasmodium vivax.Methods The Anopheles sinensis mosquitoes were maintained under different temperatures of 16±0.5,19±0.5,22±0.5,25±0.5,28±0.5 ℃ and 31±0.5 ℃ in incubators after membrane feeding with Plasmodium vivax infected blood at laboratory.The salivary glands of Anopheles sinensis were dissected to confirm the development of sporozoite under different temperatures,and the developmental threshold temperature and the effective accumulated temperature of Plasmodium vivax sporozoites in Anopheles sinensis were calculated.The theoretical number of generations of Plasmodium vivax in Anopheles sinensis per year was calculated based on the average monthly temperatures of 13 municipalities in Jiangsu Province.Results The average developmental threshold temperature of Plasmodium vivax in Anopheles sinensis in Jiangsu Province was 15.31 ℃,the average effective accumulated temperature was 109.81 day-degrees,and the optimal temperature for the proliferation of Plasmodium vivax was 25-28 ℃.The theoretical generation number of Plasmodium vivax in sinensis in south Jiangsu was 1-3 generations being more than that in the north of the province.Conclusions Temperature is one of the important influencing factors for the development of Plasmodium.The chance for Anopheles sinensis to transmit malaria increases under the temperature of 25-28 ℃.However,other factors should be considered in the establishment of early warning system of malaria.