Performance and Characterization of Two-Dimensional Material Graphene Conductivity—A Review

Graphene material is made from graphite using different techniques. The development of graphene material is now at a very initial stage even though a lot of research is conducted to analyze the electrical and thermal feature of graphene. Graphene is considered an epoch-making invention that has a two-dimensional single lattice. Hexagonal bonding also exists. The main limitation of graphene is that it cannot form a band gap because of its high attraction of intermolecular atoms, but the researchers’ main challenges are to find out the processes by which this critical issue can be solved. As a matter of fact, graphene is the hardest material in the earth today. In the research field, researchers are presently trying to make graphene a conductor or semiconductor by forming energy gaps. In this review article, literature is mentioned to understand the thermal and electrical conductivity of graphene in various layers through the process of emissivity, microwave absorption, etc. This article can be considered state of art for future research in the industry.