Marine Drugs: A Source of Medicines for Neuroinflammatory Disorders

Neuroinflammation is due to the abnormal neurovascular system. In nervous tissue nerve, the blood barrier is altered in pathological conditions of neuro-inflammation which leads to enhancing the complication in peripheral as well as the central neurovascular system. The etiology is due to the activation of endogenous factors such as overexpression of pro-inflammatory and proapoptotic mediators; activation of neuroimmune cells like glial, astrocyte, oligodendrocyte, and Schwann cells. In addition, various cellular enzymes, ions, ion channels, and prion proteins are contributing to the pathogenesis of neurovascular disorders. Moreover, the various exogenous factors have also involved the damage of blood-brain and blood-nerve barriers such as smoking, alcohol, and neurotoxic agents. The various conventional medicines are focused to treat the neurovascular system via regulation of ion channels, and enzymes mediated actions. Moreover, the clinical use of conventional medicines is still limited due to the low efficacy and high toxicity. Current drug discovery is focused on the natural source of medicines 402for neurovascular disorders especially marine drugs. Because marine drugs play an important role in the amelioration of neurovascular disorders via enhancement of the anti-inflammatory mechanism. Therefore, this book chapter focused to explore the marine drugs category and their molecular mechanism for neuroinflammatory disorders such as Alzheimer’s disorder (AD), Parkinson’s disorders (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), stroke, vascular dementia (VaD), and neuropathic pain.