The domain of Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 essential for binding to oriP region has a sequence fitted for the hypothetical basic-helix-loop-helix structure

Abstract The domain of Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA-1) which is essential for binding to a region containing oriP , an episomal replication origin of EBV DNA, was analyzed by DNA binding assay with β-galactosidase-EBNA-1 fusion proteins. It was revealed that a 159-amino acid (aa) domain, 460–618 aa, of EBNA-1 retained the oriP -binding activity and the domain's activity was abolished by a deletion of 29 as from its amino-terminal end and by a 38 aa deletion from its carboxyl-end as well. One of five monoclonal antibodies against EBNA-1 specifically inhibited the binding of the β-galactosidase-EBNA-1 fusion protein to the oriP region. The epitope recognized by the monoclonal antibody was mapped in the crucial 29 as region. An analysis of the domain's putative secondary structure and a computer search of amino acid sequence homology indicated that the 159-aa domain contains the hypothetical basic-helix-loop-helix structure which is considered to be a common characteristic structure of a family of DNA binding proteins. Examinations of DNA binding activity of the other EBNA polypeptides with a series of fusion proteins and similar structural analyses of their amino acid sequences were also performed. This study suggests that EBNA-1 is a constituent of the family of DNA binding proteins which are involved in transcriptional regulation critical for cell differentiation or cell-type determination.