Spectrum Compression Space-Time Adaptive Processing for TOPS SAR System

A multichannel terrain observation by progressive scans (TOPS) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system is capa- ble of imaging a wider swath with a higher azimuth resolution for improved moving target detection. For TOPS SAR, due to antenna beam steering, the azimuth bandwidth of background clutter is much larger than the instantaneous signal bandwidth. To overcome this problem, a method referred to as spectrum compression space-time adaptive processing (SC-STAP) is pro- posed in this letter. Through the SC process, both the Doppler spectrum and the spatial spectrum of the background clutter are simultaneously compressed. This key step achieves fully over- lapped clutter space-time spectrum lines and, as such, enables effective clutter suppression and target signal alias compensation by applying linearly constrained STAP. Furthermore, in order to avoid the target ambiguities arising from the spectral wrapping, an approach based on deramp processing is proposed to focus the moving targets for TOPS SAR mode. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Index Terms—Moving target, multichannel, space-time adap- tive processing (STAP), spectrum compression (SC), terrain ob- servation by progressive scans (TOPS) synthetic aperture radar (SAR).