Microorganisms and deterioration of artistic and historical substrate of cultural heritage
2020
Antiquities and monuments are represents of
the culture, civilization and historical background of a country and can be
very effective in economic growth and development of countries. It is
very important to protect these monuments and if not to be noticed, will be
causes serious and irreversible destruction. In recent years, chemical and
physical factors also biological factors are introduced as very important and
effective factors in biodeterioration. The issue of biodeterioration is one of
the problems that cultural heritage always faced to it. Biodeterioration is an
irreversible damage caused by microorganisms against archaeological sites. This
worldwide problem, resulting to the physical and chemical damage in historical/
archaeological substrates and artworks. The role of various microorganisms has
been proven in the erosion of a variety of artistic and historical substrate,
including paintings, stone works, ceramics, paper documents and books, wood,
textiles and films. The first step in controlling microbial deterioration of
monuments is to identify deteriorating microorganisms and to know their
mechanisms in the deterioration of archaeological substrates and artworks.
This subject provides a valuable information
for restorators and researchers in choosing the most appropriate methods for
the prevention, control and treatment of damage on substrates.
This article is an overview to introduce the
most important microorganisms and to know their mechanisms of microbial
deterioration of various historical and artistic substrates.
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