Environmental Flows Risk Assessment of Effluent Outfalls from Conventional Wet Washed Coffee Refineries in Limu Kosa District of Southwestern Ethiopia

The objective of this study was to assess the effects of recurrent effluent outfall from conventional wet washed coffee refineries (CWCR) on environmental flows (Eflows) based on the physicochemical parameters & benthos assemblages as biological indicators. The experiment was done using complete randomized design (CRD) with 3 composite replicates at each 24 sampling sites of 4 river water basins. Six sampling sites were selected for physico-chemical & 2 sampling sites were selected for benthos assemblages samples along each 4 river basin. Data analyses were performed by different statistical analyses such as analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SAS 9.2 and Minitab 16.0 software. Results of physicochemical parameters with biological revealed that there is highly significant effect between 4 Eflows & among 24 sites at (p 2 were depredation by effluent outfall from the conventional wet coffee refineries as compared to UPS. Therefore, face urgent intervention in the area of coffee refinery for effluent management and well designed treatment technologies (lagoons) for coffee waste treatment is highly recommended.