A linear-logarithmic CMOS pixel for high dynamic range behavior with fixed-pattern-noise correction and tunable responsivity

A CMOS image sensor with programmable dynamic range linear-logarithmic response through tunable transition point and fixed pattern noise correction is presented. Each 9.4x9.4 mum 2 pixel cell integrates a 5T active pixel structure with a hard reset and an active load for the high light logarithmic behavior. A chip with a 100x100 pixel array and 12-bit digital output has been fabricated in a 0.35um, 3.3V standard CMOS technology. The dynamic range of the sensor can be changed from 45 dB to over 120 dB with decreasing pixel resolution, the temporal noise is lower than 0.22% over the full range and the fixed patter of 0.83% (1.39%) in the linear (logarithmic) region.