High Shift Efficiency O-band Spoked-Ring Modulator Allowing Fully Electro-Optic Channel Tuning in a 45nm CMOS Platform

Vertical-junction microring modulators are demonstrated in a 45 nm CMOS platform, showing record O-band resonance-shift efficiency 30 GHz/V. This enables wavelength locking and tolerance/temperature compensation without thermal tuning, for efficient, wide parallel optical buses and cryogenic links.