Standardization of PCR conditions for an Ancient DNA Amplification

An ancient DNA provides us a powerful tool to study the miniscule amounts of DNA present in hundreds of thousands of years old archaeological remains. Since the advent of the PCR, it became possible for the population biologists to use this scarce and rare genetic material (aDNA) to understand prehistoric population histories. Working with ancient DNA is challenging in itself as it needs a manifold attention in order to maintain the archaeological sample free from contemporary DNA contamination. Apart from that, there are several other complications associated with ancient DNA work such as the preservation of DNA itself that is in degraded state and low copy number, DNA isolation and its successful PCR amplification. Despite the critical role of PCR in this field of research, till date no study has comprehensively evaluated ancient DNA amplification.  In this paper, we have reported our results to optimize PCR component as well as PCR condition to amplify HVR1 region in 600 years old biological samples.