Resin cement color stability and its influence on the final shade of all-ceramics

Abstract Objectives Adhesive resin cements may go through internal discoloration, which may show-through and affect the appearance of translucent all-ceramic restorations. This in vitro study evaluated the amount of resin cement color change and its effect on the final shade of the all-ceramics. Methods Three different resin cements in both light and dual-cure forms were included in the study (Nexus-2/Kerr; Appeal/Ivoclar Vivadent; Calibra/Dentsply). All resin cements contained veneered (IPS Empress Esthetic, ETC1 shade, 20 mm × 1 mm ingot discs) and uncovered groups ( n  = 10/group), all luted on white backgrounds (acetalpolyoxymethylene/Delrin ® ). Curing was performed according to ISO standards with a calibrated LED curing-light (Flashlite 1401). Samples were stored in 37 °C distilled water at dark. Spectrophotometric baseline color measurements (Color Eye 7000A) were performed from the samples’ top surfaces at 24 h (D65 illuminator). Samples were subjected to 65 h of accelerated ageing (Atlas Ci4000). Further color measurements from the same areas were recorded in CIE L * a * b * coordinates where a Δ E data above 3 was accepted as visible discoloration (OptiviewLite-1.9software). Statistical analysis was performed using a nested random effects model and Tukey's post hoc analysis. Results Light-cure groups showed better color stability in all three resins but only in Appeal resin cement, the dual-cure group discolored significantly more ( p E  > 3) through the ceramic surface on any veneered group. Conclusions All resin cements showed varying degrees of discoloration after accelerated ageing however their actual color change was partially masked by the ceramic. Dual-cure resin cements may affect aesthetics on restoration margins if directly exposed.