Ultralight Electrolyte for High-Energy Lithium-Sulfur Pouch Cells.

The high weight fraction of the electrolyte in lithium-sulfur (Li-S) full cell is the primary reason its specific energy is much below expectations. Thus far, it is still a challenge to reduce the electrolyte volume of Li-S batteries owing to their high cathode porosity and electrolyte depletion from the Li metal anode. Herein, we propose an ultralight electrolyte (0.83 g mL-1 ) by introducing a weakly-coordinating and Li-compatible monoether, which greatly reduces the weight fraction of electrolyte within the whole cell and also enables Li-S pouch cell functionality under lean-electrolyte conditions. Compared to Li-S batteries using conventional counterparts (≈1.2 g mL-1 ), the Li-S pouch cells equipped with our ultralight electrolyte could achieve an ultralow electrolyte weight/capacity ratio (E/C) of 2.2 g Ah-1 and realize a 19.2 % improvement in specific energy (from 329.9 to 393.4 Wh kg-1 ) under E/S=3.0 μL mg-1 . Moreover, more than 20 % improvement in specific energy could be achieved using our ultralight electrolyte at various E/S ratios.