Study of Structural, Magnetic and Optical Properties of \(\hbox {BiFeO}_{3}{-}\hbox {PbTiO}_{3}\) Multiferroic Composites

The crystalline samples of lead titanate altered bismuth ferrite (\(\hbox {BiFeO}_{3})_{1-{x}}(\hbox {PbTiO}_{3})_{{x}}\) [\(x= 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4\) and 0.5] have been synthesized by high-temperature solid-state reaction technique. The formation of the materials was affirmed through fundamental investigation utilizing X-ray diffraction which uncovers the presence of morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) in composite. XRD examination displays structural change from rhombohedral (\(x=0.0\)) to tetragonal (\(x=0.4\)). Estimated grain size along (104) peak was observed to be diminished with the increase in content of \(\hbox {PbTiO}_{3}\) due to mixing of tetragonal phases. SEM and EDAX of sample were carried out for analysis of surface morphology and verification of chemical homogeneity, respectively. Study of M-H graph reveals antiferromagnetic nature of \(\hbox {BiFeO}_{3}\). Magnetic measurement of (\(\hbox {BiFeO}_{3})_{1-{x}}(\hbox {PbTiO}_{3})_{{x}}\) ceramics shows weak-induced ferromagnetism by substituent effects at temperature of 5 K. Low-temperature magnetic measurement under ZFC reveals an anomaly in tetragonal phase of MPB for composition \(x=0.2\) and 0.3. With respect to \(\hbox {BiFeO}_{3}\), \(\hbox {BiFeO}_{3}{-}\hbox {PbTiO}_{3}\) ceramics displays advancement in the electric polarization. Direct and indirect band gaps are modified with variation of \(\hbox {PbTiO}_{3}\) in \(\hbox {BiFeO}_{3}{-}\hbox {PbTiO}_{3}\) composites.