Non-thermal focused ultrasound induced reversible reduction of essential tremor in a rat model

Abstract Background Essential tremor (ET) is one of the most common movement disorders of adults, characterized by postural and kinetic tremor. With drug treatment only partially efficient, new treatments are being developed. Objectives The goal of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of non-thermal focused-ultrasound (FUS) to induce tremor-suppression in an ET rat model. Methods Harmaline-induced tremor rats were treated with FUS along the inferior olivary (IO) system. EMG was recorded continuously during treatment in order to quantify FUS-induced tremor suppression. T2-weighted MRI was performed immediately following treatment and periodically thereafter. Results FUS treatment at an intensity of 27.2 W/cm 2 (Isppa) induced significant reduction of tremor in 12 out of 13 ET rats. Tremor frequency was reduced from 6.2 ± 2.8 to 2 ± 1 Hz, p  FUS induced motor response, depicted as movement of the tail and/or the limbs synchronized with the FUS sonication, was also demonstrated both in ET rats and in naive rats when treated in the medulla oblongata region. Conclusions These results demonstrate the feasibly for obtaining significant tremor reduction or tremor suppression induced by non-thermal, non-invasive, reversible focused-ultrasound.