Graph Convolutional Network-Based Interpretable Machine Learning Scheme in Smart Grids

Smart grid is a typical application of industrial cyber-physical systems (ICPS) in the electric power industry. Due to the exposure to different kinds of uncertainties and unpredictable faults, how to reliably assess the short-term voltage stability (SVS) of smart grids to prevent the occurrence of large-scale blackouts is still of primary concern. To tackle this challenging problem, this article develops a novel machine learning scheme to achieve accurate and interpretable online SVS assessment in two steps. First, it utilizes time-series shapelet transform to extract key dynamics and convert the postfault time series into flat features. Second, it designs a graph convolutional network (GCN) to incorporate these features with topology information for SVS assessment. The GCN explores the spatial-temporal dynamics of power system via graph convolution and introduces a system layer to derive the final assessment result. Compared with conventional methods, this novel scheme makes full use of the spatial-temporal information in SVS dynamics, resulting in higher assessment accuracy and stronger adaptability. Besides, it is capable of discovering certain valuable underlying rules and patterns related to SVS. Test results on the IEEE 39-bus system and real-world Guangdong Power Grid in South China verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.