Characteristic Properties of Redox Enzymes as Electrocatalysts

This chapter introduces specific features of redox enzymes as electrode catalysts compared with metallic small catalysts. Large sizes of redox enzymes causes inconvenient effects of the enzyme orientation on DET-type bioelectrocatalysis. The significant of mesoporous structures to minimize the orientation effects is emphasized. In addition, this chapter describes peculiar and important effects that can facilitate the interfacial electron transfer kinetics at the top edge of microporous structures. Some strategies for enzyme orientations to enhance the interfacial electron transfer are also introduced together with examples for individual enzymes. Bidirectional redox catalysis as one of the important features of enzyme catalysts is exemplified and the performance will be discussed in back-to-basic style based of Marcus theory.